H2OMF (((- NEW UNDER CONSTRUCTION ))) Main site click on #1 or #8 http://mfh2o.blogspot.com

2009-11-22T17:46:00.001-08:00

2009-11-22T17:44:00.001-08:00

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http://www.energyefficiencynews.com/i/69/

Largest ever prize for marine renewable energy

The Scottish Government is to offer the world’s largest prize for innovation in marine renewable energy.
The £10 million Saltire Prize was announced by First Minister Alex Salmond when he addressed the National Geographic Society in Washington as part of Scotland Week. The prize is aimed at driving innovation at the frontiers of clean, green energy.
“With the Saltire Prize, we hope to inspire scientists around the world to combat our most pressing challenge in finding a way to bring more forms of renewable energy online as quickly as possible,” said Salmond.
The first two members of the international prize committee are to be Terry Garcia of the National Geographic Society and Anne Glover, Scotland’s Chief Scientific Adviser.

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http://www.energyefficiencynews.com/power-generation/i/2710/
Power Generation
Iberdrola launches

€30 million marine energy project

Spanish energy giant Iberdrola Ingeniería is launching a €30 million project to develop marine energy technologies able to harness the power of waves and tidal currents.
The three-year Ocean Lider project will bring together 19 Spanish companies and 25 research centres, headed by Iberdrola.
The project has drawn $15 million in funds from the Spanish Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI) and the Spanish government’s State Fund for Local Investment (the so-called Plan-E), along with backing from the Ministry of Science and Innovation.
The company says the development efforts will aim to combine new marine renewable technologies with more mature energy generation technologies such as offshore wind.
Meanwhile, Iberdrola Renovables has announced that it is bringing forward the construction of five new wind farms with a capacity of 813 MW in the US after receiving nearly $600 million in federal stimulus funds. The company says its hopes to receive a further $430 million this year as wind farms come on stream.
Iberdrola currently has 3459 MW of installed capacity in the US, representing a 50% increase in one year. The new installations will be at Cayuga Ridge in Illinois (300 MW), Peñascal in Texas (202 MW) and Star Point in Oregon (99 MW).
The company, who owns Scottish Power Renewables, has also been given the rights to develop an offshore wind farm off the coast of East Anglia in the UK together with Swedish company Vattenfall.
Construction on the site, which has a potential capacity of 7200 MW, could start as early as 2015 and ultimately generate enough energy for up to five million homes.
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http://thechronicleherald.ca/Business/1161830.html
Clean energy projects get federal funding

Tue. Jan 12, 2010

Three Nova Scotia clean energy projects received funding from the federal government Monday.
The agency overseeing tidal research and development in the Bay of Fundy will receive $10 million to $20 million, Ottawa said.
The Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy will get the money under the clean and renewable energy demonstration portion of the federal Clean Energy Fund.
The government announced 19 projects across Canada that will receive $146 million over the next five years.
The tidal agency will use the funding for the construction of a subsea transmission cable to allow existing and future tidal energy projects to deliver power directly to the electricity grid.--------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------
Ocean Conserve
Ocean Conservation Portal & Search
Featuring Customized Ocean Search of Reviewed, Authoritative Content

Tidal energy: Tapping the power of the sea
Source: Copyright 2010, Spiegel Date:

January 8, 2010Byline:

Henning ZanderOriginal URL

Is Tide Power Ready for Prime Time?Until recently, though, the technology wasn't ready for prime time. One major obstacle was the fact that the turbines, located underwater, are put under extreme pressure as the water forces tug at the rotor blades -- a pressure that can be variable on different parts of the equipment and thus required a highly resistant design. Rotors must also be able to face the direction of the changing tidal flow in order to optimize energy production.

In the past, there was also no simple and inexpensive solution for providing maintenance or wiring the plants up to the electrical grid.But Graw argues that the technology is now more mature and that its time has come.

The fact that the technology now works, he says, is proven by the SeaGen tidal power plant along Strangford Lough on the coast of Northern Ireland that has been in operation since summer 2008.

There, the equipment works like an underwater windmill. The rotor blades are propelled by the force of the tides, which have a velocity of 2.4 meters per second. Two rotors with a diameter of 16 meters each are capable of generating up to 1.2 megawatts at that velocity -- enough to power about 1,000 homes. Currently, SeaGen is the most powerful tidal power plant in the world. By comparison, a large wind turbine is capable of producing 5 megawatts of electricity.

http://www.oceanconserve.org/shared/reader/welcome.aspx?linkid=148302

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http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/hydro-power-invention/
Hydro Power Invention
April 11th, 2007
A new hydro power technology is being developed by Sarfraz Ahmad Khan of Pakistan. In theory these hydro plants would not require a reservoir and would have a minimal impact on the environment. They could be run side-by-side in rows and would be much cheaper to build, operate and maintain. Sarfraz has high hopes that his ideas could revolutionize hydro power in his country and across the
What is this Project?
This project is an idea based upon the principal of converting the potential energy of wild flowing rivers into electrical power (without having a huge reservoir). As we know in hydro-power generation there are two major aspects which play vital role: first is water head and second is water velocity. In this structure of equipment, we try to obtain maximum output from a river’s velocity. Very high water head cannot be achieved with out huge cost.
What are the ideal locations for this kind of project?
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spaceflight.nasa.gov/.../74p-032.htm
STS-74
Bay of Fundy and tidal bore channel, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada.
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http://ess.nrcan.gc.ca/gom-gago/proj10_e.php
Earth Observation
www.eosnap.com/?p=4780
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http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/278832 http://www.siteselection.com/features/2008/jul/Atlantic-Canada/
Fundy Tidal Power Announcement

Could Come Next Week
Sep 6, 2009
100 billion tonnes of water
flows in and out of the Bay of Fundy four times per day.
It has the distinction of the
world's highest tides and
is considered a natural wonder. Now, more than ever it is looked upon as a huge power plant.
Canada's federal government as well as Nova Scotia could announce as early as next week if they will give the environmental green light on more energy development in the area reports the Canadian Press.
----
1936 Started to do Tidal Project was canceled.
BING MAP OF "BAY OF FUNDY"
http://www.boatmaine.us/calsingle.aspx?resID=4118
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http://themarknews.com/articles/773
The Price of Renewable Energy
renewable power sources become more
and more important, we need to consider
the full costs associated with them.
Roger Green
Environmental scientist; Professor Emeritus, University of Western Ontario.

In Canada, there is an abundance of hydroelectric power. There is also a vast potential for tidal power generation. However, all of the costs need to be tallied when considering these forms of energy.
For example, hydroelectric power is often costed without considering the full price of maintenance, especially considering such long-term factors as reservoirs silting in.
There are also many indirect costs. The evaporative loss of water from downriver flows and changes in the seasonal pattern of those flows can also have severe impacts on fish and human water use. The dams themselves impact migratory fish such as salmon, and remedies such as fish ladders are often better at impressing the public than they are at allowing fish to complete their life cycles.
Since much of Canada's hydro power potential is on Precambrian Shield, many of these costs are lower – for example there is less silting in of reservoirs. But in some places, the building of dams for power generation has been much less cost-effective than expected.
In 1976 Manitoba Hydro diverted the greater portion of the Churchill River flows in
Twice a day, 14 billion tons of seawater – roughly the equivalent of the combined flow of every river on earth – pours up the Bay of Fundy to Minas Basin and back out again. The land adjacent to it and underneath it sags slightly under the weight. Tapping Fundy tidal power has been discussed for a long time. In 1984, Nova Scotia Power (NSP) began a small tidal power project at Annapolis Royal NS which is still running, producing about 20 megawatts every day.
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http://www.worldofrenewables.com/latest_news/marineenergy/carnegie_wave_energy_project_in_wa_is_on_the_mark.html
Carnegie Wave Energy project in WA is on the mark
16/11/2009
Wave Energy developer Carnegie Wave Energy (ASX: CWE) has annouced its MW Western Australian project is on track with the first commercial scale autonomous CETO unit scheduled for deployment early next year
In a statement, Canegie said development of the small scale commercial demonstration project in the waters off Garden Island was running smoothly with the autonomous (stand-alone) unit deployment also going well.
Recently, the company has carried out a detailed marine geophysical survey using a combination of seismic refraction, sidescan sonar and bathymetry systems.
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http://www.ecofriend.org/entry/eco-tech-neptune-renewable-energy-launches-proteus-tidal-power-generator/Dec 8 2009
Eco Factor: Tidal energy generator to provide a continuous supply of renewable energy.
Neptune Renewable Energy (NREL) has announced the development of a breakthrough tidal power generator, which will undergo sea trial at Hull early next year. Dubbed the Proteus, the £1 million, 150-ton generator is being claimed to be 30% more efficient than conventional hydro dam designs and can provide a continuous supply of renewable energy.
The state-of-the-art generator features a steel hull, turbine and buoyancy chambers, which allows it to work equally well in ebb and flow tides. The system consists of a vertical axis cross-flow turbine mounted within symmetrical venture diffusers that efficiently convert tidal energy into electricity.

Eco Tech: Neptune Renewable Energy

launches Proteus tidal power generator

NREL has selected the Humber Estuary for the first deployment of Proteus, as given its depth and tidal flow, is considered one of the best locations in the British Isles for tidal stream power. Once deployed, the advanced Neptune Proteus NP1000 should generate at least 1000MWh of electricity each year.

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http://www.worldofrenewables.com/latest_news/marineenergy/marineenergy_techandinnovation/city_ready_for_1m_tidal_turbine.html
City ready for £1m tidal turbine
07/12/2009 09:51:00 Pangea

Tidal power is set to arrive in Hull within a month as part of a pioneering project
North Ferriby-based firm Neptune Renewable Energy has confirmed the £1m full-scale prototype Proteus tidal turbine is in the final stages of construction by Wear Dock and Engineering in Sunderland.
The company plans is to bring the completed £1m unit to Hull's Albert Dock by early January, with commissioning shortly afterwards.
The Proteus turbine measures just 20m by 14m. Tidal power devices usually work by directing tidal currents onto a large, multi-paddled water turbine. The turbine then, like a water wheel, generates power as it moves.
The tidal turbine was initially going to be used to provide power for Hull Ice Arena but will now supply energy for The Deep.
Given its depth and tidal flow, Neptune believes the Humber estuary is one of the best locations in the British Isles for tidal stream power.
Once in place, the tidal turbine should generate at least 1,000 megawatts per year.
The project follows extensive research at the University of Hull.
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A vertical axis turbine, the Proteus is to be,For flood and ebb tide currents, generating energy, At the Humber Estuary, formed by the Ouse and Trent,River waters meet there. are then to the North Sea sent
--------------------------------
Tidal Energy Debate
Tidal Power Gets Boost From Carbon Trust
Fundy tidal power test gets boost today
Ideal spot found for first wave of tidal power
Gov'ts to make decision on tidal power
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Increasing Hydro's Stakes

November 02, 2009

http://www.michigangreen.org/article664.html

The hydropower industry is gushing with enthusiasm. A new study commissioned by its top Washington lobbying organization says that with the proper federal incentives and initiatives, it could provide up to 25 percent of the nation's power by 2025.
That, of course, is wishful thinking. But the central premise behind its study is worth noting -- that hydropower will get swept up in the clean energy trends now breezing across the country. And as such, its share of the electricity market will grow. The industry group says that hydro facilities could easily become more efficient and thereby improve the output at existing plants.

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This is a map for the Bullit line -- but shows large rivers
http://www.asapeis.com/ProjectMap.aspx

Click on Below to enlarge
http://www.asapeis.com/Documents/Overview%20Map%2011_05_09.pdf

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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/energy/renewableenergy/3535012/Ocean-currents-can-power-the-world-say-scientists.html
Ocean currents can power the world, say scientists A revolutionary device that can harness energy from slow-moving rivers and ocean currents could provide enough power for the entire world, scientists claim
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http://www.electric.co.uk/news/gulfstream-could-be-powerful-source-of-hydropower-1234968.html
Gulfstream Could Be Powerful Source of Hydropower
August 3rd, 2009by Samantha DonovanResearchers in Florida are starting to consider alternative energy sources as energy needs grow increasingly for the U.S state. Currently the state as over 4 million homes whose energy needs would be too costly to meet using conventional energy sources.These recent energy concerns have led scientists to being looking at the Gulfstream for ways of harvesting renewable, eco-friendly energy to meet the needs of the residents in the state. Scientists at Florida Atlantic University are looking at means and costs of constructing underwater turbines in the Gulfstream right off of the Florida coastline. The scientists would then use the turbines to generate electricity for homes and hydrogen for cars.In the area researchers are considering the Gulfstream is particularly powerful and could be used to harness alternative forms of energy to help take the stress off of Florida’s ecosystem.Currently scientists are using specially designed Doppler systems to measure the strength of the the current in different areas along the Gulfstream. Once they determine where it is the strongest they can begin to put in place infrastructure to harness the raw energy generated by the current.CNN technology said, “Researchers are also looking at ways to use the electricity that is generated underwater to generate and store hydrogen in the ocean. The hydrogen could be used to fuel clean-running cars and trucks.”Special thanks to greenoptimistic.com for the above quote, for more information please view the article on their website
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http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?go=SearchImages&q=ocean%20air%20electricity%20generation&form=CPDTLB #
CLICK BELOW FOR OCEAN AIR ELECTRICITY http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?go=SearchImages&q=ocean%20electricity%20generation&form=CPDTLB

http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?go=SearchImages&q=ocean%20air%20electricity%20generation&form=CPDTLB

Hydrovolts, already a winner of the Sustainability Award in the Pacific Northwest Clean Tech Open in Seattle, last night also won the first Clean Tech Open (CTO) National Sustainability Award.The Award includes a prize package of $20,000 worth of software and services that will help Hydrovolts measure and improve its sustainability efforts.The Regional and National Sustainability Judging panels consisted of sustainability executives and thought leaders. They chose Hydrovolts first from amongst the nearly 300 original entries because of the company's commitment to all three areas of sustainability

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World’s First Osmotic Power Plant Opens in Norway

December 4, 2009
Tags: Norway, clean energy, fresh water, Norway, Oslo, osmosis, osmotic energy, osmotic power, osmotic power plant, renewable energy, research and development, salt water, Statkraft, electricity, energy, Finance, Mette-Marit, Terje Riis-Johansen

On November 24th, Norway’s Crown Princess Mette-Marit officially opened the world’s first osmotic power plant at the seaside town of Tofte, near Oslo. Osmotic power generation is one of the lesser known renewable energy sources, but advocates claim it has a global potential of 1,600 to 1,700 TWh – equal to China’s total electricity consumption in 2002.
The plant, built by the Norwegian renewable power company Statkraft, is a prototype that has been in development for more than a year. The plant will have a limited production capacity and is intended primarily for testing and development. The company

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajFiyYtvd7w&feature=player_embedded#
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajFiyYtvd7w

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www.impactlab.com/?tag=underwater

September 30th, 2009 at 8:58 am
Seabreacher: Unique Submersible Dolphin-Like Vessel

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October 2nd, 2008 at 8:32 am
The Mantra – Water Rescue Vehicle

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Ice Circles

September 10th, 2008 at

Crop circles are so passé – the next big thing are … ice circles! (Pics)
As circles and rings in ice-covered lakes and river-bays have become a relatively numerous documented phenomenon – especially in Scandinavian and other northern European and American countries, the latest case of an ice-circle in Russia (exact location and date of discovery unfortunately unknown) just adds another case of this most likely naturally caused circle-phenomenon.
Continue Reading »

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February 2nd, 2009 at 7:13 pm
Google Earth 5.0
in: Breakthrough Thinking,

Science & Technology News

Google has mapped the oceans for the latest version of their planet-detailing juggernaut, Google Earth. Continue Reading » ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

www.impactlab.com/?tag=underwater

February 20th, 2009 at 7:35 pm
Did Google Earth Find Atlantis
in: Breakthrough Thinking, Crazy Stuff, Science & Technology News

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www.impactlab.com/?tag=underwater

This is a very ^

interesting and heavy video site...
October 9th, 2008 at 9:12 am
Hydropolis – Underwater Hotel
in: Breakthrough Thinking, Business, Globalism,

Great New Product, Science & Technology News
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http://luisanonvideo.vox.com/library/post/us-senate-bill-may-boost-ocean-energy-research.html?_c=feed-atom

Us senate bill may boost ocean energy research
SustainableBusiness.com News, April 30, 2009

Nov 23, 2009

A bill introduced in the Senate aims to encourage development of renewable ocean energy.
introduced the legislation as a companion to a bill introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives by Rep. Jay Inslee, (D-Wash.), that would authorize as much as $250 million a year to promote ocean research.
The Marine Renewable Energy Promotion Act of 2009 and a companion tax provision would expand federal research of marine energy, take over the cost verification of new wave, current, tidal and thermal ocean energy devices, create an adaptive management fund to help pay for the demonstration and deployment of such electric projects and provide a key additional tax incentive.
?Coming from Alaska, where there are nearly 150 communities located along the state?s 34,000 miles of coastline plus dozens more on major river systems, it?s clear that perfecting marine energy could be of immense benefit to the nation,? said Murkowski, ranking member of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. ?It simply makes sense to harness the power of the sun, wind, waves and river and ocean currents to make electricity.?
The legislation would:

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MAIN SITE LARGE CLICK ON BELOW

2009-10-30T13:23:00.001-07:00

http://mfh2o.blogspot.com/ Main Site for Clean Energy

Sub Site
http://alaskaenergypolicy.blogspot.com/ Energy Positions

SHIPS, SHIPS, AND SHIPS AS POWER PLANTS +

2009-10-18T22:13:00.000-07:00

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SEVERAL PICTURES OF SHIPS
CONCEPTS
Dec 17 2009

http://www.ecofriend.org/entry/eco-boats-ikkar-concept-hybrid-yacht-changes-shape-for-a-comfortable-cruise
Eco Boats: IKKAR concept hybrid yacht changes shape for a comfortable cruise

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gcaptain.com/maritime/blog/tag/bizarre/

Bizarre Maritime Technology – The Anti-Hurricane Technology Wheel

Bizarre Marketing – LG’s Unusual Launch of New Eco-Friendly Fridge

Cities at Sea: A look at some possibilities

Bizarre Maritime Technology – A Desalination Plant From The Future

Tubes In The Ocean → Bizarre Marine Technology

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UNUSUAL SHIPS

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developingstorm.com/2005_05_01_archive.php Futureistic designs and concepts
developingstorm.com/2005_05_01_archive.php

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blog.800hightech.com/.../681/

Sea Sentinels Protect Ports from Terrorism

------------------------------------------http://www.ship-technology.com/contractors/computers/marine_alignment/marine_alignment1.html------------------------------------------------------
www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-mnotice.htm?textob...

The Merchant Shipping (Carriage of Cargoes) Regulations 1999
Note to Shipowners, Ship operators, Shipmanagers, Charterers, Masters and Ship’s Officers, Harbour Authorities, Terminal Operators, Shippers, Agents, Cargo Packers, Cargo Consolidators, Hauliers, and Freight Forwarders.
This Guidance Note supersedes Merchant Shipping Notice MSN 1708 (M)
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damncoolpics.blogspot.com/2007/02/giant-cargo...

SOME REALLY NEAT PICTURES OF SHIPS ...

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conceptships.blogspot.com/2008/03/concept-shi...

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http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/floating-data-centers-on-sea.html
Floating Data Centers on Sea Cargo Ships

An internet security start-up reveals a plan to create mobile data centers out of old container ships. From the article:

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http://www.freightercruises.com/main/passenger-freighters.html
Most of today's passenger freighters are German or French owned containerships, with international officers and crew onboard, offering accommodations for 4 to 12 passengers. The average port time is one day, while general cargo ships, currently available only in two around-the-world services, have an average port time of one to four days. All offering roundtrip voyages, as well as one way or longer voyage segments-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/sealift-ships.htm
Sealift shipping falls into three broad categories: dry cargo ships or freighters, liquid cargo carriers or tankers, and passenger ships. During joint operations, dry cargo ships transport the equipment and supplies required to conduct and sustain the operation; tankers carry the refined petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) so critical to an operation's success; and passenger ships provide troop carrying (strategic or assault follow-on echelon [AFOE]) capability and noncombatant or sealift medical evacuation capability. In general, a dry cargo ship is considered to be usable for military purposes if it has a minimum carrying capability of 2,000 long tons (LT) of cargo and the ability to carry, without significant modification, unit equipment, ammunition or sustaining supplies.

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: http://www.greennetizen.com/2008/12/chinese-cargo-ships-will-have-solar.html
Just found this on my goolge alerts:
Australian company Solar Sailor has signed a deal with the largest Chinese shipping line COSCO to fit their tankers with large solar-powered sails.
This is great news, but what's inside those cargo ships? How can we make the cargo it's carrying green too?http://www.greennetizen.com/2008/12/chinese-cargo-ships-will-have-solar.html:
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ecotality.com/.../

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www.gpa.wa.gov.au/content.aspx?documentid=13
GRAIN SHIP @ PORT AUTHORITY

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tonto.eia.doe.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?p
Getting Propane to Consumers
How does propane get to the people who use it? Propane usually goes by underground pipeline to terminals across the country. Railroads, barges, trucks, and supertankers also ship propane to bulk distributors.
Local propane dealers come to the distributor's bulk plant to fill up their small tank trucks. These tank trucks, called "bobtails," deliver propane to large storage tanks that are outside homes. The average residential propane tank holds between 500 and 1,000 gallons of liquid fuel, and is refilled several times a year. People who use just a little propane, for a backyard barbecue, for example, bring their tanks to convenience and hardware stores to be filled or to be exchanged for full ones. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
www.timrileylaw.com/LNG_TANKERS.htm

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www.pacificenvironment.org/article.php?id=2933
Shipping's Contribution to Climate Change and Air Pollution
Large cargo vessels and oil supertankers make a growing contribution to global warming and air pollution by burning dirty bunker fuel. According to the California Attorney General’s 2007 petition to the EPA to regulate emissions from ocean-going vessels, “vessels form one of the most polluting source categories, per unit of fuel consumed.”
In all, if the global fleet of about 90,000 vessels were a country, it would be the 7th largest polluter on earth - an amount comparable to the emissions of the entire country of Canada.
Global shipping activity, as measured in metric ton-kilometers, has increased by five percent per year for the last three decades and this rate of growth is projected to increase. A government report released reveled a 1.4 percent increase in total U.S. green house gasses from 2006 to 2007, despite all efforts to clean up the air. This comes on the heels of a United Nations study showing shipping industry carbon
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http://gcaptain.com/maritime/blog/tag/tankers/

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http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn6767-slick-trick-could-save-marine-ecosystems.html

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polizeros.com/2009/01/18/hybrid-wave-wind-power/

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www.offshorewindpowersystemsoftexas.com/

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http://www.offshorewindpowersystemsoftexas.com/titan_200_deep_offshore_platform
http://www.offshorewindpowersystemsoftexas.com/titan_200_deep_offshore_platform

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www.cliffshade.com/colorado/tectonics.htm Ocean floor ages;
Find similar images Ocean floor ages www.cliffshade.com/colorado/tectonics.htm Ocean floor ages;
Find similar images
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http://www.greenlaunches.com/
Ankida - The futuristic wind-powered yacht
The unique feature of the ‘Ankida’ yacht designed by Lila-Lou is that it is wind powered. In Ankida, there is a natural integration of the mast, sail and keel configuration with the hull thus moving away from a traditional centre-alignment. The vessel is made in the bow-like arrangement thereby allowing the forces generated by the rig to work efficiently for propulsion. Any modern sailing yacht of Ankidas size will rely deeply on automated mechanism. But in the case of Ankida, a magnetically levitated turbine has been accommodated at the top between the masts that supplies power for the propulsion to take place. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/02/windmill_sailbo.php
Windmill Sailboat: Sailing Against the Wind

02.18.07

Someone was thinking outside of the box on this one. The 36 foot catamaran, Revelation II, is powered by 3 20-foot long carbon fiber propellers on a 30 foot rotating mast. The windmill transmits power to a 6 blade propeller underwater, with the net result that the boat can make way even directly into the wind. Right now, you are either astonished, thinking "Why didn't we think of that before?", or your head is spinning with reasons why these boats are not currently plying the seas in great numbers. For instance, how well could such a thing possib ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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